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Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi was a name used by Roman men of the ''gens Calpurnia'' during the Roman Republic and early Empire. They were descendants of the Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi who was consul in 133 BC and who established the addition of ''Frugi'' as an ''agnomen'' that was passed down through the family.〔Anna A. Novokhatko, ''The Invectives of Sallust and Cicero'' (de Gruyter, 2009), p. 183.〕 The Calpurnii Pisones who distinguished themselves by the name ''Frugi'' were one of three main branches of Pisones active from the mid-2nd century BC into the 1st century AD.〔The other two were the Pisones Caesonini descended from the Lucius Calpurnius Piso who was consul in 148 BC, and the branch descended from Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the consul of 139 BC; Edward Champlin, "The Life and Times of Calpurnius Piso," ''Museum Helveticum'' 46 (1989), pp. 119–120.〕 There were four unbroken generations who kept the name ''Frugi'', but the nomenclature of the family line is complicated by adoption in adulthood, a practice of elite Roman families to preserve their heritage, religious traditions ''(sacra gentilicia)'', influence and property. One member of this family line (who became the praetor of 112 BC) had been adopted by a Marcus Pupius, and also used the name Marcus Pupius combined with Piso Frugi. The name ''Frugi'' was used for three more generations, in one case again kept by an adoptee. A fifth-generation descendant of the praetor adopted by M. Pupius went back to using the original form Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, along with ''Licinianus'' in reference to a grandfather's adopted name.〔Stephen Wilson, ''The Meaning of Naming: A Social and Cultural History of Personal Naming in Western Europe'' (UCL Press, 1998), p. 13.〕 ==Republican era== * Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, a praetor in Hispania Ulterior, a region of Roman Spain, who had assumed Marius's command in 113 or 112 BC. He was killed in battle and succeeded in 111 by Galba, the consul of 108.〔Cicero, ''In Verrem'' 2.4.56; Appian, ''Iberian Wars'' 99; T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol. 1, pp. 538 and 539 (note 4).〕 * Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, a ''monetalis'' around 90 BC.〔Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Association, 1952), vol. 2, p. 434.〕 As praetor in 74, he vetoed many of the edicts issued by his colleague Verres, who was famously attacked by Cicero in the speeches known as the Verrines.〔Cicero, ''In Verrem'' 2.1.119 and 4.56; Pseudo-Asconius 250 in the edition of Stangl; Broughton, ''MRR2'', p. 102.〕 * Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi was tribune of the plebs in 90 BC, or less likely 89, and may be identical with the praetor of 74.〔Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Association, 1986), vol. 3, p. 48.〕 According to the historian Sisenna,〔Sisenna, frgs. 17 and 120 in the edition of Peter, as cited by Broughton, ''MRR2'', pp. 33–34.〕 his legislation as tribune proposed adding two new voting tribes and granting Roman citizenship to soldiers who demonstrated exceptional valor.〔Broughton, ''MRR2'', pp. 33–34.〕 Ronald Syme thought him more likely to be a Caesoninus than a Frugi, and a son of the consul of 112.〔Syme as cited by Broughton, ''MRR3'', p. 48.〕 The question depends in part on the identity of the Lucius Piso who was a general (''strategos'' in the Greek source) in Asia, whose activity has been dated variously from shortly before 90 to as late as 83.〔Broughton, ''MRR3'', p. 48.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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